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Neither Carpetbaggers Nor Scalawags

About the Book

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Table of Contents

Introduction: The Moral Test

Foreword

Media Reviews

 
Neither Carpetbaggers Nor Scalawags
Black Officeholders During the Reconstruction of Alabama, 1867-1878
By Richard Bailey

Table of Contents

DEDICATION

INTRODUCTION

Scroll or click below to quickly jump to the following sections:

Part I: The Fork in the Road
Part 2: The Road Not Taken
Illustrations
Photographs
Appendices

1 - Emancipation and the Promised Land

• Results of the War
• The Freedmen's Bureau
• Labor and Economic Justice
• The Bureau and Education
• Restoration of Civil Government
• Economic Matters
• The Reconstruction Acts
• Freedmen's Conventions
• The Union League and Party Formation
• Summary
• Notes

2 - Republican Coalition and Democratic Challenge

• Black Suffrage and the Union League
• The Selection of Registrars
• The Campaign for the Black Vote
• The Constitutional Convention of 1867
• Intraparty Factionalism
• The Inequality of Segregation
• Summary
• Notes

3 - Social Origins of Black Officeholders

• Antebellum Free Blacks
• Manumitted African Americans
• Quasi-Free Blacks
• Field Hands
• Educated Officeholders
• Military Experiences
• Political Advantages
• Financial Gains
• Occupation, Age, Nativity
• Summary
• Notes

4 - Ascendancy to Positions of Leadership

• The Freedmen's Bureau
• The Union League
• The Mobile Nationalist
• The American Missionary Association
• Preparation for Officeholding
• Military Service
• Minor Officeholding
• Personal Associations
• Summary
• Notes

5 - Education, Land, and Economic Development

• Stabilizing the Family
• Emphasis on Education
• Obstacles to Educational Development
• Move toward Black Education
• Obstacles to Land-ownership
• Need for a Financial Institution
• Impetus for Conventions
• Stimulus for a Labor Movement
• Black Emigration
• Summary
• Notes

6 - Violence, Fraud, and Intraparty Strife, Section 1

• First Republican Governor
• Partisan Opposition
• Democrats Woo Black Voters
• Democratic Defections
• Unprecedented Republican Rule
• Republicans and Railroads
• Factionalism
• Strategy of Democrats
• Republican Failure to Close Ranks
• Klan Violence
• Republican Victories and Defeats
• Democratic Resurgence
• Summary
• Notes

7 - Violence, Fraud, and Intraparty Strife, Section 2

• Factional Strife in 1872
• Violence and Bipartisan Politics
• The Civil Rights Bill
• The Equal Rights Association Convention
• Republican Disarray and the Election of 1874
• Summary
• Notes

8 - Redemption and the Color Line, Section 1

• Democratic Challenges
• Democrats and the Color Line
• Opposition to Local Patronage
• Violence in Barbour County
• Opposition in Macon County
• Resistance in Dallas County
• Ruse in Montgomery County
• Contested Elections
• Repeal of Legal Protection
• Call for a Convention
• Contested Election: Bromberg v. Haralson
• Summary
• Notes

9 - Redemption and the Color Line, Section 2

• Democratic United Front
• Republican Factionalism
• Federal Laissez-Faire
• Declining Role of African Americans
• Further Decline and Death of Black Officeholders
• Summary
• Notes

Appendices

Notes for Appendices

Attributions

Bibliography

Index

Maps

• Regions of Alabama
• Congressional Districts of Alabama, 1867-75
• House Seats under Constitution of 1875
• Senate Districts under Constitution of 1875
• Congressional Districts of Alabama, 1875-91

Tables

1. Attendants Employed by the Freedmen's Bureau in Alabama
2. Free Black Growth in Alabama
3. School Statistics in Alabama
4. State or Region of Birth of US-Born Blacks Living in Kansas
5. District Population of Montgomery, 1866
6. Population Trends in Montgomery
7. Fourth District Election Returns
8. Disputed Election Districts

Photographs
Battle of Girard
A Family of Freedmen
A Reconstruction School
A Union League Parade in South Carolina Celebrating
The Emancipation Proclamation
Alabama Governors
A Freedman's First Vote
Black Officeholders of Alabama
Company E, 4th US Colored Infantry, at Fort Lincoln
Marker Placed at Gravesite of John Godwin
Black Confederate Veterans Attending a 1931 Reunion
Black Confederate Veterans

Illustrations

Edward A. Maull
First Colored Baptist Church, Montgomery
William Bums Paterson
Slave Auction, Montgomery
Slave Marker, Montgomery
54th Massachusetts Regiment Assaulting Fort Wagner, South Carolina
Five Soldiers of the 54th Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers
Four Officers of the 54th Regiment, Massachusetts Volunteers
Emerson College, Mobile
Broad Street School, Mobile
Swayne College, Montgomery
Trinity School, Athens
Talladega College
Lincoln School of Marion
Calhoun School
Huntsville Normal School
Tuskegee Normal and Industrial
Montgomery's First Emancipation Celebration
A Celebration of the Emancipation Proclamation
Selma University
Butler Chapel AME Zion Church, Tuskegee
Lewis Adams
Booker T. Washington
The Tuskegee Normal School
Tuskegee State Normal School
Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, Montgomery, Ala.,
Rev. R. D. Pollard, Pastor
United States Officer Protects Freedmen
First African American Senator and Representatives in the 41st and 42d Congresses
Democratic Members of the House of Representatives, 1872-73
Black Congressmen of Alabama
Carpetbagger Congressmen of Alabama
Republican Governors of Alabama
Democratic Governors during Reconstruction Alabama Senate, 1872
Constitutional Convention, Montgomery, Alabama, 30th September 1875
Costumes Worn by the Klan of Tennessee and North Alabama
Election Riot of 1874 Marker in Barbour County
Legacy of Horace King Marker in Phenix City
Life of Horace King Marker in Phenix City
Benjamin S. Turner's Gravesite in Live Oak Cemetery, Selma

1. Slaves and Slaveholders (1850)
2. Recapitulation—1850 Slaveholders
3. Constitution of 1868
4. Black Officeholders of Alabama, 1867-1884
5. Black Minor Officeholders of Alabama, 1867-1884
6. Correspondence of Black Officeholders
7. United States Colored Troops, 1860-1865
8. Black Property Owners in Alabama, 1870s-1915
9. American Missionary Association Teachers in Alabama
10. Black Schools in Alabama
11. Description of Every Tenth Huntsville Depositor, Freedmen's Savings Bank
12. Occupations of Mobile Depositors - 1 January 1866-15 April 1867
13. County Lineage
14. "Paying Tribute to Horace King, Georgia State Senate, 11 February 2003"
15. Reconstruction Chronology

 
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Neither Carpetbaggers Nor Scalawags
Black Officeholders during the Reconstruction of Alabama, 1867-1878
Fourth Edition, 2004, ISBN: 0-967-1883-1-8

Available through leading book outlets and from
Pyramid Publishing, P. 0. Box 1264, Montgomery, AL 36102-1264
Web Page: http://www.alabamablackhistory.com

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